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The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018

She turned bioengineering upside down

Nobel Prize laureate Frances Arnold conducted the first directed evolution of enzymes, which are proteins that catalyse chemical reactions.

Since then, she has refined the methods that are now routinely used to develop new catalysts. The uses of Arnold’s enzymes include more environmentally friendly manufacturing of chemicals and the production of renewable fuels.
Frances Arnold in the laboratory.

Frances Arnold in the laboratory.

Photo kindly provided by Caltech

Nobel Prize laureates share their thoughts

Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1993

”The love of discovery is what drives me today”

“I like to see things that have never been seen before. Any time there’s a discovery – doesn’t matter if it’s a big or a small one – I find it absolutely thrilling.” Medicine laureate Richard Roberts in an interview about everything from his love of discovery to his biggest influences.
Richard Roberts at Nobel Week Dialogue 2016

Richard Roberts at Nobel Week Dialogue 2016.

Photo: Niklas Elmehed

Nobel Prize in Physics 2020

What brought you to science?

What brought you to science? Did you have role models that inspired you to start a scientific career? In what environment are you most creative? These and more questions are answered in this interview with Andrea Ghez.

Nobel Prize award ceremony 2023

“We have it within ourselves to change the world”

Watch the award ceremony from Konserthuset Stockholm (Stockholm Concert Hall) in Sweden.

Opening address by Professor Astrid Söderbergh Widding, Chair of the Board of the Nobel Foundation
Presentation speech for the physics prize
Presentation speech for the chemistry prize
Presentation speech for the medicine prize
Presentation speech for the literature prize
Presentation speech for the prize in economic sciences
Nobel Prize award ceremony 2023

The Nobel Prize award ceremony in Stockholm, 10 December 2023.

© Nobel Prize Outreach. Photo: Nanaka Adachi

Nobel Peace Prize award ceremony 2023

Nobel Prize banquet

Watch Nobel Minds

2023 Nobel Prize laureates in discussion

Watch the laureates in a discussion about their discoveries and achievements, and how these might find a practical application. Nobel Minds is hosted by the BBC’s Zeinab Badawi.
Nobel Minds 2023

Nobel Minds 2023.

© Nobel Prize Outreach. Photo: Clément Morin.

Highlights from Nobel Week

See all photos

2023 Nobel Prize lectures

Streams during Nobel Week

Nobel Prize lectures 2023

Watch the Nobel Prize lectures here.
See all the streams during Nobel Week

A work of art in the form of a diploma: Nobel Prize diplomas 2023

See all photos

Nobel Week Dialogue

9 December

The Future of Migration

Nobel Week Dialogue, this year in Gothenburg, invited scientists and non-scientists alike to come together to talk about the past, present and future of migration.
Nobel Week Dialogue

Speakers from across the spectrum of science, society and culture explored the future of migration at Nobel Week Dialogue 2023.

© Nobel Prize Outreach. Photo: Anna Svanberg.

Nobel Peace Prize Forum

11 December

IRAN – Burning for democracy

This year’s forum in Oslo focused on the fight for human rights and democracy in Iran, with an emphasis on the situation for women.
Illustration

Nobel Calling Space

11 December

A unique live conversation

The Nobel Prize Museum in Stockholm connected with the International Space Station (ISS) for a unique live conversation  between Nobel Prize laureates and ESA astronaut Andreas Mogensen.
Space

Photo: European Space Agency, credit NASA (S130-E-012141)

2023 Nobel Prize Concert

8 December

A breathtaking evening

World-renowned conductor Esa-Pekka Salonen and acclaimed violinist Julia Fischer performed together with the Royal Stockholm Philharmonic Orchestra this year’s Nobel Prize Concert.
Nobel Prize Concert 2023

Nobel Prize Concert 2023

© Nobel Prize Outreach. Photo: Niklas Elmehed

Nobel Week Lights

2–10 December

Light festival inspired by awarded discoveries

Nobel Week Lights Stockholm is an annual light festival that takes place during the Nobel week in December. Directly inspired by Nobel Prize-awarded discoveries, artworks illuminated the Stockholm winter darkness and invited new insights into the research, lives and contributions of Nobel Prize laureates.
Photo of the Stockholm City Hall

The artwork History in Light is an homage to the history of Stockholm through nature and art, a celebration of the 100-years of the City Hall and its long-standing connection to the Nobel Prize.

Photo: Benoît Derrier

What do the laureates receive?

Nobel Prize diploma

Each diploma is a unique work of art, created by leading Swedish and Norwegian artists and calligraphers. Read more about the diplomas here.
Physics Laureate Donna Strickland's diploma.

Physics laureate Donna Strickland's diploma.

Photo reproduction: Lovisa Engblom

Nobel Prize medal

The front of the gold Nobel Prize medals depict Alfred Nobel. The image on the reverse varies according to the institution awarding the prize. Read more about the medals.
Youyou Tu showing her Nobel Medal

Medicine laureate Tu Youyou showing her Nobel Prize medal, 11 December 2015.

© Nobel Media. Photo: Alexander Mahmoud.

The prize amount

The current amount is at SEK 11 million per full Nobel Prize. A Nobel Prize can be awarded to up to three laureates who share the prize sum. Find out more about the prize amounts throughout history.
Laureates on stage

Laureates on stage after the 2014 Nobel Prize award ceremony.

© Nobel Media. Photo: Alexander Mahmoud

Nobel Prize award ceremonies

Since 1901, the Nobel Prizes have been presented to the laureates on 10 December, the anniversary of Alfred Nobel’s death. Here you can browse the ceremonies archive.
Nobel Prize award ceremony

Nobel Prizes 2023

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2023

Vaccine development

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2023 was awarded jointly to Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman “for their discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19.”
A blue background with COVID-19 virus and a yellow strand of modified mRNA. Also shown is the chemical structure of pseudouridine, an RNA base that was important in the prize-awarded discovery. The graphic represents the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine awarded to Katalin Karinkó and Drew Weissman who received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19.

© The Nobel Committe for Physiology or Medicine. Ill. Mattias Karlén

2023 Nobel Prizes

Crash course – 2023 Nobel Prizes

How much do you know about the discoveries awarded the 2023 Nobel Prizes? Take our one-minute crash course on each of the prizes and find out how each have changed our world.
Students with illustrations behind.

Nobel Prize lessons

Easy to use lessons about the 2023 Nobel Prizes

From nanotechnology to the development of effective mRNA vaccines. Now you can bring the discoveries and achievements made by the 2023 Nobel Prize laureates into the classroom.

The lessons are free and easy to use. They include a slideshow, manuscript and student worksheet.
Illustration of all 2023 Nobel Prizes

© Johan Jarnestad/The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, © The Nobel Committe for Physiology or Medicine. Ill. Mattias Karlén, Ill. Niklas Elmehed © Nobel Prize Outreach

Alfred Nobel – Established the Nobel Prizes

Scientist and inventor

Chemist, engineer and industrialist Alfred Nobel left 31 million SEK (today about 342 million dollars) to fund the Nobel Prizes.

A bust of Alfred Nobel, surrounded by a beautiful wall of flowers

Alfred Nobel's early years

When Alfred was five years old his father Immanuel, an inventor and builder, moved to St. Petersburg. Alfred joined him a few years later.

Alfred Nobel 1853

Inventing dynamite

Based on Alfred’s work and patents a whole new industry developed. Within ten years, 16 explosives producing factories had been founded in 14 countries.

Nobels Dynamite 10 Nov 1906

A controversial will

In his will of 27 November 1895, signed in Paris, Alfred Nobel specified that the bulk of his fortune should be used for prizes.

Alfred Nobel Will

Nobel Prize nominations

Who selects the laureates?

In his last will and testament, Alfred Nobel specifically designated the institutions responsible for the prizes he wished to be established.

KVA byggnad fasad sommar

Play a game!

Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1930

The Blood Typing Game

How much do you know about blood types? Did you know that human blood groups were discovered by Nobel Prize laureate Karl Landsteiner in 1901?

Learn more about the way to find out about the human blood groups, blood typing and the importance of safe blood transfusions. See if you can save the lives of the patients in the game!
Blood typing game
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1904

Pavlov's Dog

Is it possible to train a dog to drool on command? Learn about conditioned reflexes in this interactive game!

With this animated game, teachers are able to illustrate classical conditioning in the classroom. The object of the game is to train Pavlov’s dog to respond to a signal that it will associate with being fed.

In 1904, Ivan Pavlov was awarded with Nobel Prize for his pioneering studies of how the digestive system works.
Pavlov's Dog Game

Peace Builders

Step into the shoes of a Nobel Peace Prize laureate and learn about the legacy of Alfred Nobel in this immersive learning experience from the Nobel Peace Center. All Minecraft players can now journey alongside Desmond Tutu, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Jody Williams and Carl von Ossietzky to bring their vision of a more democratic, peaceful world to life.
Minecraft peacebuilders

What are you looking for? Search the website.

Nobel destinations

Stockholm, Sweden

Nobel Prize Museum

The Nobel Prize Museum in Stockholm, Sweden, illustrates a century of creativity, where visitors can follow the changes of the 20th century through the Nobel Prize and the Nobel Prize laureates.
The Nobel Prize: Ideas Changing the World (3)

The museum showcases the discoveries and creativity of the Nobel Prize laureates.

Photo: Åke Eson Lindman

Oslo, Norway

Nobel Peace Center

Located in the heart of Oslo, Norway, the Nobel Peace Center is a place where you can experience and learn about the various Nobel Peace Prize laureates.
NPC Nye Nobels Hage 10

The story of each peace laureate is told at the museum.

Photo: Johannes Granseth/Nobel Peace Center

In memoriam

Former President Martti Ahtisaari dies

Martti Ahtisaari, former President of Finland, died on 16 October 2023, age 86. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize 2008 for his great efforts, on several continents and over more than three decades, to resolve international conflicts. 

Biography
Martti Ahtisaari

Poet Louise Glück passes away at 80

Louise Glück passed away on 13 October 2023, age 80. She was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature 2020 “for her unmistakable poetic voice that with austere beauty makes individual existence universal.”

Biography
Louise Glück portrait

Ferid Murad 1936‒2023

Ferid Murad passed away on 4 September 2023. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1998 for discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system. These discoveries opened new avenues for patient treatment and diagnoses of various diseases. 

Read Ferid Murad’s biography
Ferid Murad